Advantages And Disadvantages Relying On Field Notes English Language Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Relying On Field Notes English Language Essay At the first step of this assessment I have to answer what the advantages and disadvantages are of relying solely on field notes, in comparison with producing a transcription of an audio or video recording. During the second half of the twentieth century, there was a huge growth in the amount of educational research and the emergence of a substantial methodological literature on how best to pursue it. The educational research became quite diverse, not only in the topics examined but also in the methodological and theoretical approaches that are used. â€Å"Perhaps not surprisingly, disagreement is closely associated with such diversity, and there are even differences of opinion over what is and is not research, and what is and is not educational research†(E891 Educational Enquiry, Study Guide, p. 63). Field notes or transcription of an audio or video recording are characteristics of reflective practice and of what is often referred to as action research. Nevertheless, a great deal of educational enquiry is carried out as a separate task from educational practice, even when it is designed to inform practice directly. In this matter, the researchers may not be educational practitioners themselves, although they frequently are (E891 Educational Enquiry, Study Guide, p. 63). Concerning the range of strategies that can be used to pursue educational research it is a wide range of issues such as laboratory and classroom experiments, large-scale surveys of the behaviour, attitude, etc. The results of the research, i.e. the data may be the product of direct observation on the part of the researcher or it may be produced by others, and can take a variety of forms, such as answering questionnaires by ticking in boxes on interview or observational schedules, numbers as recorded in published statistics, text from published or unpublished documents or from field notes written by the researcher during the course of observations or interviews, audio-or video-recordings and transcripts of these(Research Methods in Education, Handbook, p.26). A common way of conceptualizing this diversity is the distinction between quantitative and qualitative approaches and it is necessary, however, to emphasize that it is a very crude distinction and one that is potentially misleading. The most obvious distinction between the two sorts of research is that the former deals with numbers whereas the latter does not or does to a minor degree. Going back to the main point of the question I have to deal with the qualitative research since field notes or audio – video recording are within this category. As interview transcripts are made and field notes of observation compiled the researcher continuously examines the data, by highlighting certain points in the text or making comments in the margins. The important points are identified by the researcher noting contradictions and inconsistencies, comparisons and contrasts with other data and so on. At this point the researcher is not just collecting data, but thinking about it and interacting with it. Much of these first attempts at speculative analysis will probably be discarded, but some ideas will no doubt take shape as data collection and analysis proceed. Much of this early activity may appear chaotic and uncoordinated, but such `chaos’ is a prolific seed-bed for ideas (Research Methods in Education, Handbook, p. 68).

Micro econmics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Micro econmics - Essay Example Once the US market tumbled the markets around the world followed suit. Some Asian markets even lost 40% (China)while others lost almost 60% (India) in a matter of months. Most analysts hold the subprime lending crisis as the root cause for the current economic slowdown. In their enthusiasm to outdo other banks and get the maximum number of customers, banks were ready to lend any amount to anyone, without even verifying their credit worthiness properly. As a result, many banks had to close shop, including big names like Citibank and Merryl Lynch. Thousands of people the world over lost jobs, companies had to be bailed out and even turn to government support for their functioning and existence. The latest victim is the automobile giant, General Motors. After being the iconic company that it was, it had to declare bankruptcy and carry out a sale to the U.S government. The subprime lending crisis does not seem to be an isolated one in the financial world. Persistent industrial loan defaults and massive loan losses have become a regular feature in developing countries. According to Hoque (2004) and the World Bank (1993), 150 development banks in 33 developing countries have been haunted by massive debt default and loan loss. The present subprime mortgage crisis that hit the credit markets and banking systems is due to the massive increase in loan defaulters, thus forcing the banks to go bankrupt. Industrial Development Finance Institutions (IDFIs) form the backbone of the economy in both developing and developed countries. These institutions are expected to stimulate industrial investment in both private and public sectors in the country. They play the key role of injecting capital into the system. However, a job bigger than that is to blend capital with entrepreneurial skills to support industrial advancement in an underdeveloped economy. This is precisely what IDFIs are doing in a majority of the

Managing Sexual Harassment at Workplace Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing Sexual Harassment at Workplace - Essay Example I managed to learn that sexual harassment is just the manifestation of unmet sexual needs while, the belief of supremacy in males causes the featured behavior to increase manifold. Moreover, I also found that the attitude of management towards the issue significantly moderates its nature and intensity. However, the workplaces with closed doors are suspected to have higher degree of the demon. Yes, I have developed a new understanding of the issue as I came to know that the behavior is associated with deformation of the sacred concept of marriage, people are considering it the means of satisfying sexual needs, and therefore, the holy notion of procreation has been placed on the backburner. I have faced significant level of hardships in conducting of the research because the topic was unique, people were reluctant to talk about it, and therefore, I had to conduct intensive literature review on the topic. But, the effort was fruitful and I reached to a better understanding of the social issue. I enjoyed the phase when I have managed to link the presence of sexual harassment with managerial attitude. At first, I thought that the behavior is committed on an individual level. But, to my surprise, it is a social and communal behavior. The topic does not concern me personally but I was annoyed by the attitude of males that compelled them to consider sexual harassment as part of the game for females. But, in reality, it is not the case because the behavior is the representation of the masculine belief that females are created for fulfillment of counter-sex’s sexual needs. Finally, I would like to conclude that I am very much satisfied with my effort because it increased my knowledge and it is a reward in itself for a student. Yours Sincerely Student Name Signature Managing Sexual Harassment at Workplace Introduction The issue of sexual harassment is quite prevalent in all parts of the world regardless of national level scientific and economic development. The phe nomenon is defined as a mechanism that is working in order to tame the female professionals to submit to the institutional and cultural strength of the males. It is often recorded that male supervisors do not allow their female subordinates to perform their roles and responsibilities until they fulfill the higher authorities’ sexual wishes. But, the sexual harassing behavior is quite common in all parts of the globe. The issue is stemming from males’ misconception that females are primarily created to meet the sexual requirements of their male fellows. In major number of workplaces, the female staff has to kneel in front of the dominating male force in order to keep their bread and butter intact (Barling, Rogers and Kelloway pp. 260). Nevertheless, the researchers and policy makers have been known to be working to find a neutral solution to the abovementioned problem. The idea is to safeguard the professional and personal integrity of the females while protecting manag ement’s image as an equal opportunity provider. The employers do not have the luxury to afford the allegation of gender biasness (Lach and Gwartney-Gibbs pp.109). The demon of sexual harassment grows stronger when management does not consider it an issue of great importance while on the other hand; it can be needlessly aggravated when females become extremely sensitive. However, according to classical research, it can be established that sexual harassment is directly related to the management’s behavior towards the problem (Fitzgerald pp.1073). The office environment with separate and opaque offices and cabins is rated as an ideal atmosphere for subliminally supporting the sexual oriented